Your wallet can be recovered entirely from its <em>seed</em>: the chain of words generated by <span class="application">Electrum</span> when creating the wallet. But if you lose your seed, you lose your entire wallet.
If <span class="application">Electrum</span> fails to start or stays minimized, maybe your <span class="application">Electrum</span> folder is corrupted.
You can use hardware wallets that work with the packages included in the version of Debian that Tails is based on. Which wallets work can vary from one Debian release to the next. For example, Trezor hardware wallets stopped working in Debian Bookworm, so they don't work in Tails6.0 or later.