Zen

Translation

**Operating systems do not actually remove the contents of a file when ithe file is
deleted**, even after emptying the trash or explicitly removing the file, from
the command line for example.
.
type: Plain text
English type: Plain text
Operating systems do not actually remove the content of a file when the file is deleted, even after emptying the trash or removing the file from the command line.
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[[!meta title="Securely deleting files"]]
 
Tails previously included tools to *wipe* files and available disk space. We removed these tools from Tails 6.0 (February 2024), because we think that they are not reliable enough on modern storage devices, such as USB sticks and Solid-State Drives (SSDs).
 
To better protect from data recovery, use encrypted volumes, overwrite the entire device, or disintegrate it physically.
 
[[!toc levels=2]]
[[!toc levels=2]]
<h1 id="risks">Limitations of file deletion</h1>
 
See also [[!wikipedia Data_erasure desc="Wikipedia: Data Erasure"]].
 
<h2 id="delete">Deleting a file does not erase its content</h2>
 
Operating systems do not actually remove the content of a file when the file is deleted, even after emptying the trash or removing the file from the command line.
**Attualmente i sistemi operativi non rimuovono i contenuti di un file quando
viene cancellato** anche dopo aver svuotato il cestino o aver rimosso espressamente il file
per esempio tramite riga di comando.
Instead, operating systems only mark the space that was used by the deleted file as available for future files, because it is much faster to do. However, the content of the deleted file remains on the device until the operating system reuses the space for another file.
 
<div class="attack">
<div class="attack">
<p>Simple data recovery tools can recover deleted files.</p>
 
</div>
</div>
<h2 id="copy">Other copies of the data might be stored elsewhere</h2>
 
Other copies of the data might exist elsewhere on the device:
 
Some applications, for example, office applications, store temporary backup versions of the file to be able to recover from failures.
 
Modern operating systems can store a *journal*, a history of recent changes to the file system, or *snapshots*, an image of the file system at a particular point in time.
 
<p>Simple data recovery tools can recover these other copies.</p>
 
<h2 id="spare">Spare memory cells can store a hidden copy of the data</h2>
 
Flash memory devices, such as USB sticks and SSDs (Solid-State Drives), have *spare memory cells* that are used to replace broken memory cells over time. Modern hard disks also integrate small flash memories for performance and reliability.
 
Any data that was stored in the device can remain available in these spare cells.
 
These spare cells are managed directly by the device and neither the user nor the operating system can control what is stored in them.
 
<p>Specialized data recovery companies can recover data from spare cells.</p>
 
<h1 id="mitigation">Mitigation techniques</h1>
 

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String updated in the repository
Operating systems do not actually remove the content of a file when the file is deleted, even after emptying the trash or removing the file from the command line.
**Attualmente i sistemi operativi non rimuovono i contenuti di un file quando
viene cancellato** anche dopo aver svuotato il cestino o aver rimosso espressamente il file
per esempio tramite riga di comando.
a year ago
None

Source string changed
**Operating systems do not actually remove the contents of a file when ithe file is
deleted**, even after emptying the trash or explicitly removing the file, from
the command line for example.
.
a year ago
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675170 String information

Source string description
type: Plain text
String age
a year ago
Last updated
a year ago
Source string age
a year ago
Translation file
wiki/src/doc/encryption_and_privacy/secure_deletion.it.po, string 8