# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE # Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc. # This file is distributed under the same license as the PACKAGE package. # FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. # msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n" "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: tails-l10n@boum.org\n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2025-10-02 09:33+0000\n" "PO-Revision-Date: 2025-12-06 23:29+0000\n" "Last-Translator: _ignifugo \n" "Language-Team: ita \n" "Language: it\n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" "Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=n != 1;\n" "X-Generator: Weblate 5.13.2\n" #. type: Plain text #, no-wrap msgid "[[!meta title=\"Securely deleting files\"]]\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text msgid "" "Tails previously included tools to *wipe* files and available disk space. We " "removed these tools from Tails 6.0 (February 2024), because we think that " "they are not reliable enough on modern storage devices, such as USB sticks " "and Solid-State Drives (SSDs)." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text msgid "" "To better protect from data recovery, use encrypted volumes, overwrite the " "entire device, or disintegrate it physically." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #, no-wrap msgid "[[!toc levels=2]]\n" msgstr "[[!toc levels=2]]\n" #. type: Plain text #, no-wrap msgid "

Limitations of file deletion

\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text msgid "See also [[!wikipedia Data_erasure desc=\"Wikipedia: Data Erasure\"]]." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #, no-wrap msgid "

Deleting a file does not erase its content

\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text msgid "" "Operating systems do not actually remove the content of a file when the file " "is deleted, even after emptying the trash or removing the file from the " "command line." msgstr "" "Attualmente i sistemi operativi non rimuovono i contenuti di un file quando " "viene cancellato anche dopo aver svuotato il cestino o aver rimosso " "espressamente il file tramite riga di comando." #. type: Plain text msgid "" "Instead, operating systems only mark the space that was used by the deleted " "file as available for future files, because it is much faster to do. " "However, the content of the deleted file remains on the device until the " "operating system reuses the space for another file." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #, no-wrap msgid "
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Simple data recovery tools can recover deleted files.

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Other copies of the data might be stored elsewhere

\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text msgid "Other copies of the data might exist elsewhere on the device:" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' msgid "" "Some applications, for example, office applications, store temporary backup " "versions of the file to be able to recover from failures." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' msgid "" "Modern operating systems can store a *journal*, a history of recent changes " "to the file system, or *snapshots*, an image of the file system at a " "particular point in time." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #, no-wrap msgid "

Simple data recovery tools can recover these other copies.

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Spare memory cells can store a hidden copy of the data

\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text msgid "" "Flash memory devices, such as USB sticks and SSDs (Solid-State Drives), have " "*spare memory cells* that are used to replace broken memory cells over " "time. Modern hard disks also integrate small flash memories for performance " "and reliability." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text msgid "" "Any data that was stored in the device can remain available in these spare " "cells." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text msgid "" "These spare cells are managed directly by the device and neither the user " "nor the operating system can control what is stored in them." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #, no-wrap msgid "

Specialized data recovery companies can recover data from spare cells.

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Mitigation techniques

\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text msgid "" "Given the limitations described above, there is no perfect solution to file " "deletion." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text msgid "" "To better protect from data recovery, you can use one or a combination of " "these mitigation techniques, depending on the sensitivity of your data and " "the risks." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #, no-wrap msgid "

Use Tails to avoid saving files

\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text msgid "" "All the files that you use in Tails disappear automatically when you shut " "down, except the files that you choose to store in the Persistent Storage or " "other storage devices." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text msgid "" "By making it easy to avoid saving files to storage devices in the first " "place, using Tails is already an important mitigation technique given the " "limitations of file deletion." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #, no-wrap msgid "

Encrypt your storage devices

\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text msgid "" "When all the data on your device is encrypted, data recovery tools can only " "recover encrypted data that is useless without your passphrase." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text msgid "" "To better protect deleted files from data recovery, you can reformat your " "device and create another encryption with a different passphrase." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' msgid "" "For compatibility with Tails only or with another Linux, use [[LUKS " "encrypted volumes|encrypted_volumes]]." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' msgid "" "For compatibility with Windows or macOS, use [[VeraCrypt encrypted volumes|" "veracrypt]]." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #, no-wrap msgid "" "

Take into account that you could be forced or tricked to give out your\n" "passphrase.

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Overwrite the entire device

\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text msgid "" "To better protect deleted files from data recovery, you can also reformat " "and overwrite the entire device with zeroes." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text msgid "" "Even if some data could still be recovered from [[spare memory cells|" "secure_deletion#spare]], overwriting the entire device is especially " "important if the device is not encrypted." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text msgid "To do so:" msgstr "Per farlo:" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' msgid "Open the *Disks* utility." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #, no-wrap msgid " All the current storage devices are listed in the left pane.\n" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' msgid "Plug in the device that you want to reformat and overwrite." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' #, fuzzy #| msgid "A new device appears in the list of storage devices. Click on it:" msgid "A new device appears in the list of devices. Click on it." msgstr "" "Un nuovo dispositivo appare nella lista dei dispositivi di memoria. Cliccaci:" #. type: Plain text #, no-wrap msgid " [[!img encrypted_volumes/storage_devices_after.png class=\"screenshot\" alt=\"\"]]\n" msgstr " [[!img encrypted_volumes/storage_devices_after.png class=\"screenshot\" alt=\"\"]]\n" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' msgid "" "Check that the brand and size of the device in the right pane corresponds to " "your device." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' #, fuzzy #| msgid "" #| "Click on the [[!img lib/pan-down.png alt=\"menu " #| "toggle\" class=\"symbolic\" link=\"no\"]] button in the title bar " #| "and choose **Show Hidden Files**." msgid "" "Click on the [[!img lib/view-more.png alt=\"Drive Options\" " "class=\"symbolic\" link=\"no\"]] button in the title bar and choose **Format " "Disk**." msgstr "" "Fai clic sul bottone [[!img lib/pan-down.png " "alt=\"mostra menù\" class=\"symbolic\" link=\"no\"]] nella barra del " "titolo e seleziona **Mostra file nascosti**." #. type: Bullet: '1. ' msgid "In the **Format Disk** dialog:" msgstr "Nella finestra di dialogo **Formatta disco**:" #. type: Bullet: ' - ' #, fuzzy #| msgid "" #| "Choose Compatible with all systems and devices " #| "(MBR/DOS) in the **Partitioning** drop-down list." msgid "" "Choose **Overwrite existing data with zeroes (Slow)** in the **Erase** menu." msgstr "" "Seleziona Compatibile con tutti i sistemi e " "dispositivi (MBR/DOS) nel menù a tendina Partizionamento." #. type: Plain text #, no-wrap msgid "
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Overwriting existing data does not erase all data on flash\n" " memories, such as USB sticks and SSDs (Solid-State Drives).

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Sovrascrivere sui dati esistenti non cancella tutti i dati della " "memoria flash.\n" " come le chiavette USB e SSDs (Solid-State Drives).

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See the [[limitations of file deletion|doc/encryption_and_privacy/secure_deletion#spare]].

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Vedi [[limiti della cancellazione dei file|doc/" "encryption_and_privacy/secure_deletion#spare]]

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\n" #. type: Bullet: ' - ' msgid "" "Choose **Compatible with all systems and devices (MBR/DOS)** in the " "**Partitioning** menu." msgstr "" "Scegli **Compatibile con tutti i sistemi e dispositivi (MBR/DOS)** nel menu " "**Partizionamento**." #. type: Bullet: '1. ' msgid "Click **Format**." msgstr "Clicca **Formatta**." #. type: Bullet: '1. ' msgid "In the confirmation dialog, make sure that the device is correct." msgstr "Nella finestra di conferma assicurati che il dispositivo sia corretto." #. type: Bullet: '1. ' msgid "Click **Format** to confirm." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #, no-wrap msgid "

Physically destroy the device

\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text msgid "" "As a last resort, physically destroying the device gives the strongest " "guarantee against data recovery." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text msgid "" "It is unreliable to break the device into a few pieces or burn it with wood " "fire." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text msgid "" "For top secret documents, the National Security Agency ([[!wikipedia NSA]]) " "of the USA recommends disintegration into particles of 2 mm. This can be " "achieved using a [good quality household blender](https://commons.erau.edu/" "jdfsl/vol16/iss2/1/)." msgstr "" #, fuzzy #~| msgid "" #~| "Instead, they simply remove the file's entry from the file system " #~| "directory, because this requires less work and is therefore faster. The " #~| "contents of the file—the actual data—remain on the storage medium. The " #~| "data will remain there until the operating system reuses the space for " #~| "new data." #~ msgid "" #~ "Instead, they simply remove the file's entry from the file system " #~ "directory, because this requires less work and is therefore faster. The " #~ "contents of the file—the actual data—remain on the storage medium. The " #~ "data will remain there until the operating system reuses the space for " #~ "new data." #~ msgstr "" #~ "Rimuovono semplicemente la voce del file dalla directory del file system, " #~ "perché questo richiede\n" #~ "meno lavoro e quindi è più veloce. I contenuti del file —i dati attuali— " #~ "rimangono nella memoria\n" #~ "media. I dati rimarrano lì fino a quando il sistema operativo non " #~ "riutilizzerà lo spazio per nuovi dati." #~ msgid "" #~ "Likewise, reformatting, repartitioning or reimaging a system is not " #~ "always guaranteed to write to every area of the disk, though all will " #~ "cause the disk to appear empty or, in the case of reimaging, empty except " #~ "for the files present in the image, to most software." #~ msgstr "" #~ "Allo stesso tempo, riformattare, ripartizionare o reimmaginare un sistema " #~ "non garantisce sempre la scrittura di ogni area del disco, anche se tutto " #~ "ciò farà sempre il disco vuoto o, in caso di reimmaginamento, vuoto " #~ "eccetto per i file presenti nell'immagine ai principali software." #, no-wrap #~ msgid "" #~ "

Securely deleting files does not erase the potential backup copies of\n" #~ "the file (for example LibreOffice creates backup copies that allow\n" #~ "you to recover your work in case LibreOffice stops responding).

\n" #~ msgstr "" #~ "

La cancellazione sicura dei files non elimina le potenziali copie di backup\n" #~ "del file (per esempio LibreOffice crea copie di backup che permettono\n" #~ "di recuperare il lavoro in caso si blocchi LibreOffice).

\n" #~ msgid "Open the *Files* browser." #~ msgstr "Apri il navigatore di *File*." #~ msgid "Navigate to the folder containing the files that you want to delete." #~ msgstr "Vai nella cartella contenente i files che volete eliminare." #~ msgid "Select the files that you want to delete with the mouse." #~ msgstr "Seleziona con il mouse i files che vuoi eliminare." #~ msgid "Confirm." #~ msgstr "Conferma." #, fuzzy, no-wrap #~| msgid "" #~| " 1. The deletion will start. It can last from a few seconds to several minutes,\n" #~| " according to the size of the files. Be patient…\n" #~ msgid "" #~ " 1. The deletion will start. It can last from a few seconds to several minutes,\n" #~ " according to the size of the files. Be patient…\n" #~ msgstr "" #~ " 1. Si avvierà la cancellazione che potrebbe richiedere da pochi secondi ad alcuni minuti\n" #~ " in base alle dimensioni dei files. Siate pazienti...\n" #~ msgid "" #~ "In order to clean up the contents of all files that were previously " #~ "suppressed but not securely deleted from a disk, it is also possible to " #~ "securely clean all the free space on the disk." #~ msgstr "" #~ "Per pulire i contenuti di tutti i files che sono stati rimossi in " #~ "precedenza ma che non sono stati cancellati in maniera sicura da un disco " #~ "è possibile pulire in maniera sicura tutto lo spazio libero sul disco." #~ msgid "" #~ "Click on the disk that you want to clean in the left pane to navigate to " #~ "the root of this disk." #~ msgstr "" #~ "Clicca sul disco che vuoi pulire nel riquadro a sinistra per accedere " #~ "alla directory principale di questo disco." #, fuzzy #~| msgid "" #~| "The cleaning starts. It can last from a few minutes to a few hours, " #~| "according to the size of the available diskspace. Be patient…" #~ msgid "" #~ "The cleaning starts. It can last from a few minutes to a few hours, " #~ "according to the size of the available diskspace. Be patient…" #~ msgstr "" #~ "Inizia la pulizia. Potrebbe richiedere da alcuni minuti ad alcune ore in " #~ "base alle dimensione dello spazio disco disponibile. Sii paziente…" #, fuzzy #~| msgid "" #~| "Click on the [[!img lib/open-menu.png " #~| "alt=\"Menu\" class=\"symbolic\" link=\"no\"]] button in the " #~| "titlebar and choose **Format Disk…** to erase all the existing " #~| "partitions on the device." #~ msgid "" #~ "Click on the [[!img lib/open-menu.png " #~ "alt=\"Menu\" class=\"symbolic\" link=\"no\"]] button in the " #~ "titlebar and choose **Format Disk…** to erase all the existing partitions " #~ "on the device." #~ msgstr "" #~ "Clicca sul bottone [[!img lib/open-menu.png " #~ "alt=\"Menu\" class=\"symbolic\" link=\"no\"]] nella barra del " #~ "titolo e selezionate **Formatta Disco...** per cancellare tutte le " #~ "partizioni esistenti sul dispositivo." #, fuzzy #~| msgid "Click **Format…**." #~ msgid "Click **Format…**." #~ msgstr "Clicca **Formatta...**." #, no-wrap #~ msgid "\n" #~ msgstr "\n" #, no-wrap #~ msgid "\n" #~ msgstr "\n" #, no-wrap #~ msgid "\n" #~ msgstr "\n" #, no-wrap #~ msgid "" #~ "

This method does not work as expected on solid-state disks or USB\n" #~ "sticks.

\n" #~ msgstr "" #~ "

Questo metodo non funziona sui dischi a stato solido o sulle chiavette\n" #~ "USB.

\n" #, no-wrap #~ msgid "\n" #~ msgstr "\n" #, no-wrap #~ msgid "" #~ " [[!img wipe_available_diskspace.png link=no alt=\"Right-click ▸ Wipe\n" #~ " available diskspace\"]]\n" #~ msgstr "" #~ " [[!img wipe_available_diskspace.png link=no alt=\"Right-click ▸ Wipe\n" #~ " available diskspace\"]]\n"