msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: English (Tails)\n" "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2026-09-14 20:37+0000\n" "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n" "Last-Translator: FULL NAME \n" "Language-Team: LANGUAGE \n" "Language: en\n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" "Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=n != 1;\n" "X-Generator: Weblate 2026.6.1\n" #. type: Plain text #, no-wrap, read-only msgid "[[!meta title=\"Securely deleting files\"]]\n" msgstr "[[!meta title=\"Securely deleting files\"]]\n" #. type: Plain text #, read-only msgid "" "Tails previously included tools to *wipe* files and available disk space. We " "removed these tools from Tails 6.0 (February 2024), because we think that " "they are not reliable enough on modern storage devices, such as USB sticks " "and Solid-State Drives (SSDs)." msgstr "" "Tails previously included tools to *wipe* files and available disk space. We " "removed these tools from Tails 6.0 (February 2024), because we think that " "they are not reliable enough on modern storage devices, such as USB sticks " "and Solid-State Drives (SSDs)." #. type: Plain text #, read-only msgid "" "To better protect from data recovery, use encrypted volumes, overwrite the " "entire device, or disintegrate it physically." msgstr "" "To better protect from data recovery, use encrypted volumes, overwrite the " "entire device, or disintegrate it physically." #. type: Plain text #, no-wrap, read-only msgid "[[!toc levels=2]]\n" msgstr "[[!toc levels=2]]\n" #. type: Plain text #, no-wrap, read-only msgid "

Limitations of file deletion

\n" msgstr "

Limitations of file deletion

\n" #. type: Plain text #, read-only msgid "See also [[!wikipedia Data_erasure desc=\"Wikipedia: Data Erasure\"]]." msgstr "See also [[!wikipedia Data_erasure desc=\"Wikipedia: Data Erasure\"]]." #. type: Plain text #, no-wrap, read-only msgid "

Deleting a file does not erase its content

\n" msgstr "

Deleting a file does not erase its content

\n" #. type: Plain text #, read-only msgid "" "Operating systems do not actually remove the content of a file when the file " "is deleted, even after emptying the trash or removing the file from the " "command line." msgstr "" "Operating systems do not actually remove the content of a file when the file " "is deleted, even after emptying the trash or removing the file from the " "command line." #. type: Plain text #, read-only msgid "" "Instead, operating systems only mark the space that was used by the deleted " "file as available for future files, because it is much faster to do. " "However, the content of the deleted file remains on the device until the " "operating system reuses the space for another file." msgstr "" "Instead, operating systems only mark the space that was used by the deleted " "file as available for future files, because it is much faster to do. " "However, the content of the deleted file remains on the device until the " "operating system reuses the space for another file." #. type: Plain text #, no-wrap, read-only msgid "
\n" msgstr "
\n" #. type: Plain text #, no-wrap, read-only msgid "

Simple data recovery tools can recover deleted files.

\n" msgstr "

Simple data recovery tools can recover deleted files.

\n" #. type: Plain text #, no-wrap, read-only msgid "
\n" msgstr "
\n" #. type: Plain text #, no-wrap, read-only msgid "" "

Other copies of the data might be stored elsewhere

\n" msgstr "" "

Other copies of the data might be stored elsewhere

\n" #. type: Plain text #, read-only msgid "Other copies of the data might exist elsewhere on the device:" msgstr "Other copies of the data might exist elsewhere on the device:" #. type: Bullet: '- ' #, read-only msgid "" "Some applications, for example, office applications, store temporary backup " "versions of the file to be able to recover from failures." msgstr "" "Some applications, for example, office applications, store temporary backup " "versions of the file to be able to recover from failures." #. type: Bullet: '- ' #, read-only msgid "" "Modern operating systems can store a *journal*, a history of recent changes " "to the file system, or *snapshots*, an image of the file system at a " "particular point in time." msgstr "" "Modern operating systems can store a *journal*, a history of recent changes " "to the file system, or *snapshots*, an image of the file system at a " "particular point in time." #. type: Plain text #, no-wrap, read-only msgid "

Simple data recovery tools can recover these other copies.

\n" msgstr "

Simple data recovery tools can recover these other copies.

\n" #. type: Plain text #, no-wrap, read-only msgid "" "

Spare memory cells can store a hidden copy of the data

" "\n" msgstr "" "

Spare memory cells can store a hidden copy of the data

" "\n" #. type: Plain text #, read-only msgid "" "Flash memory devices, such as USB sticks and SSDs (Solid-State Drives), have " "*spare memory cells* that are used to replace broken memory cells over " "time. Modern hard disks also integrate small flash memories for performance " "and reliability." msgstr "" "Flash memory devices, such as USB sticks and SSDs (Solid-State Drives), have " "*spare memory cells* that are used to replace broken memory cells over " "time. Modern hard disks also integrate small flash memories for performance " "and reliability." #. type: Plain text #, read-only msgid "" "Any data that was stored in the device can remain available in these spare " "cells." msgstr "" "Any data that was stored in the device can remain available in these spare " "cells." #. type: Plain text #, read-only msgid "" "These spare cells are managed directly by the device and neither the user " "nor the operating system can control what is stored in them." msgstr "" "These spare cells are managed directly by the device and neither the user " "nor the operating system can control what is stored in them." #. type: Plain text #, no-wrap, read-only msgid "" "

Specialized data recovery companies can recover data from spare cells.

" "\n" msgstr "" "

Specialized data recovery companies can recover data from spare cells.

" "\n" #. type: Plain text #, no-wrap, read-only msgid "

Mitigation techniques

\n" msgstr "

Mitigation techniques

\n" #. type: Plain text #, read-only msgid "" "Given the limitations described above, there is no perfect solution to file " "deletion." msgstr "" "Given the limitations described above, there is no perfect solution to file " "deletion." #. type: Plain text #, read-only msgid "" "To better protect from data recovery, you can use one or a combination of " "these mitigation techniques, depending on the sensitivity of your data and " "the risks." msgstr "" "To better protect from data recovery, you can use one or a combination of " "these mitigation techniques, depending on the sensitivity of your data and " "the risks." #. type: Plain text #, no-wrap, read-only msgid "

Use Tails to avoid saving files

\n" msgstr "

Use Tails to avoid saving files

\n" #. type: Plain text #, read-only msgid "" "All the files that you use in Tails disappear automatically when you shut " "down, except the files that you choose to store in the Persistent Storage or " "other storage devices." msgstr "" "All the files that you use in Tails disappear automatically when you shut " "down, except the files that you choose to store in the Persistent Storage or " "other storage devices." #. type: Plain text #, read-only msgid "" "By making it easy to avoid saving files to storage devices in the first " "place, using Tails is already an important mitigation technique given the " "limitations of file deletion." msgstr "" "By making it easy to avoid saving files to storage devices in the first " "place, using Tails is already an important mitigation technique given the " "limitations of file deletion." #. type: Plain text #, no-wrap, read-only msgid "

Encrypt your storage devices

\n" msgstr "

Encrypt your storage devices

\n" #. type: Plain text #, read-only msgid "" "When all the data on your device is encrypted, data recovery tools can only " "recover encrypted data that is useless without your passphrase." msgstr "" "When all the data on your device is encrypted, data recovery tools can only " "recover encrypted data that is useless without your passphrase." #. type: Plain text #, read-only msgid "" "To better protect deleted files from data recovery, you can reformat your " "device and create another encryption with a different passphrase." msgstr "" "To better protect deleted files from data recovery, you can reformat your " "device and create another encryption with a different passphrase." #. type: Bullet: '- ' #, read-only msgid "" "For compatibility with Tails only or with another Linux, use [[LUKS " "encrypted volumes|encrypted_volumes]]." msgstr "" "For compatibility with Tails only or with another Linux, use [[LUKS " "encrypted volumes|encrypted_volumes]]." #. type: Bullet: '- ' #, read-only msgid "" "For compatibility with Windows or macOS, use [[VeraCrypt encrypted " "volumes|veracrypt]]." msgstr "" "For compatibility with Windows or macOS, use [[VeraCrypt encrypted " "volumes|veracrypt]]." #. type: Plain text #, no-wrap, read-only msgid "" "

Take into account that you could be forced or tricked to give out your\n" "passphrase.

\n" msgstr "" "

Take into account that you could be forced or tricked to give out your\n" "passphrase.

\n" #. type: Plain text #, no-wrap, read-only msgid "

Overwrite the entire device

\n" msgstr "

Overwrite the entire device

\n" #. type: Plain text #, read-only msgid "" "To better protect deleted files from data recovery, you can also reformat " "and overwrite the entire device with zeroes." msgstr "" "To better protect deleted files from data recovery, you can also reformat " "and overwrite the entire device with zeroes." #. type: Plain text #, read-only msgid "" "Even if some data could still be recovered from [[spare memory " "cells|secure_deletion#spare]], overwriting the entire device is especially " "important if the device is not encrypted." msgstr "" "Even if some data could still be recovered from [[spare memory " "cells|secure_deletion#spare]], overwriting the entire device is especially " "important if the device is not encrypted." #. type: Plain text #, read-only msgid "To do so:" msgstr "To do so:" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' #, read-only msgid "Open the *Disks* utility." msgstr "Open the *Disks* utility." #. type: Plain text #, no-wrap, read-only msgid " All the current storage devices are listed in the left pane.\n" msgstr " All the current storage devices are listed in the left pane.\n" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' #, read-only msgid "Plug in the device that you want to reformat and overwrite." msgstr "Plug in the device that you want to reformat and overwrite." #. type: Bullet: '1. ' #, read-only msgid "A new device appears in the list of devices. Click on it." msgstr "A new device appears in the list of devices. Click on it." #. type: Plain text #, no-wrap, read-only msgid "" " [[!img encrypted_volumes/storage_devices_after.png class=\"screenshot\" " "alt=\"\"]]\n" msgstr "" " [[!img encrypted_volumes/storage_devices_after.png class=\"screenshot\" " "alt=\"\"]]\n" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' #, read-only msgid "" "Check that the brand and size of the device in the right pane corresponds to " "your device." msgstr "" "Check that the brand and size of the device in the right pane corresponds to " "your device." #. type: Bullet: '1. ' #, read-only msgid "" "Click on the [[!img lib/view-more.png alt=\"Drive Options\" " "class=\"symbolic\" link=\"no\"]] button in the title bar and choose **Format " "Disk**." msgstr "" "Click on the [[!img lib/view-more.png alt=\"Drive Options\" " "class=\"symbolic\" link=\"no\"]] button in the title bar and choose **Format " "Disk**." #. type: Bullet: '1. ' #, read-only msgid "In the **Format Disk** dialog:" msgstr "In the **Format Disk** dialog:" #. type: Bullet: ' - ' #, read-only msgid "" "Choose **Overwrite existing data with zeroes (Slow)** in the **Erase** menu." msgstr "" "Choose **Overwrite existing data with zeroes (Slow)** in the **Erase** menu." #. type: Plain text #, no-wrap, read-only msgid "
\n" msgstr "
\n" #. type: Plain text #, no-wrap, read-only msgid "" "

Overwriting existing data does not erase all data on flash\n" " memories, such as USB sticks and SSDs (Solid-State Drives).

\n" msgstr "" "

Overwriting existing data does not erase all data on flash\n" " memories, such as USB sticks and SSDs (Solid-State Drives).

\n" #. type: Plain text #, no-wrap, read-only msgid "" "

See the [[limitations of file deletion|doc/encryption_and_privacy/" "secure_deletion#spare]].

\n" msgstr "" "

See the [[limitations of file deletion|doc/encryption_and_privacy/" "secure_deletion#spare]].

\n" #. type: Plain text #, no-wrap, read-only msgid "
\n" msgstr "
\n" #. type: Bullet: ' - ' #, read-only msgid "" "Choose **Compatible with all systems and devices (MBR/DOS)** in the " "**Partitioning** menu." msgstr "" "Choose **Compatible with all systems and devices (MBR/DOS)** in the " "**Partitioning** menu." #. type: Bullet: '1. ' #, read-only msgid "Click **Format**." msgstr "Click **Format**." #. type: Bullet: '1. ' #, read-only msgid "In the confirmation dialog, make sure that the device is correct." msgstr "In the confirmation dialog, make sure that the device is correct." #. type: Bullet: '1. ' #, read-only msgid "Click **Format** to confirm." msgstr "Click **Format** to confirm." #. type: Plain text #, no-wrap, read-only msgid "

Physically destroy the device

\n" msgstr "

Physically destroy the device

\n" #. type: Plain text #, read-only msgid "" "As a last resort, physically destroying the device gives the strongest " "guarantee against data recovery." msgstr "" "As a last resort, physically destroying the device gives the strongest " "guarantee against data recovery." #. type: Plain text #, read-only msgid "" "It is unreliable to break the device into a few pieces or burn it with wood " "fire." msgstr "" "It is unreliable to break the device into a few pieces or burn it with wood " "fire." #. type: Plain text #, read-only msgid "" "For top secret documents, the National Security Agency ([[!wikipedia NSA]]) " "of the USA recommends disintegration into particles of 2 mm. This can be " "achieved using a [good quality household blender](https://commons.erau.edu/" "jdfsl/vol16/iss2/1/)." msgstr "" "For top secret documents, the National Security Agency ([[!wikipedia NSA]]) " "of the USA recommends disintegration into particles of 2 mm. This can be " "achieved using a [good quality household blender](https://commons.erau.edu/" "jdfsl/vol16/iss2/1/)."