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    <body>
      <trans-unit xml:space="preserve" approved="no" id="3c0800518e15d892" weblate-flags="no-wrap">
        <source>[[!meta title="Securely deleting files"]]
</source>
        <target state="needs-translation">[[!meta title="Dateien sicher löschen und Speicherplatz bereinigen"]]
</target>
        <note from="developer">type: Plain text</note>
      </trans-unit>
      <trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="28205884635e763f">
        <source>Tails previously included tools to *wipe* files and available disk space. We removed these tools from Tails 6.0 (February 2024), because we think that they are not reliable enough on modern storage devices, such as USB sticks and Solid-State Drives (SSDs).</source>
        <target></target>
        <note from="developer">type: Plain text</note>
      </trans-unit>
      <trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="b2a272425fd2f2ab">
        <source>To better protect from data recovery, use encrypted volumes, overwrite the entire device, or disintegrate it physically.</source>
        <target></target>
        <note from="developer">type: Plain text</note>
      </trans-unit>
      <trans-unit xml:space="preserve" approved="no" id="859ac1ec8a65d238" weblate-flags="no-wrap">
        <source>[[!toc levels=2]]
</source>
        <target state="needs-translation">[[!toc levels=1]]
</target>
        <note from="developer">type: Plain text</note>
      </trans-unit>
      <trans-unit xml:space="preserve" approved="no" id="5bcece19d7bf69de" weblate-flags="no-wrap">
        <source><h1 id="risks">Limitations of file deletion</h1>
</source>
        <target state="needs-translation">Warum sicheres Löschen verwenden?
</target>
        <note from="developer">type: Plain text</note>
      </trans-unit>
      <trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="18c90877dab7612b">
        <source>See also [[!wikipedia Data_erasure desc="Wikipedia: Data Erasure"]].</source>
        <target></target>
        <note from="developer">type: Plain text</note>
      </trans-unit>
      <trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="1654e7ceb65a3c26" weblate-flags="no-wrap">
        <source><h2 id="delete">Deleting a file does not erase its content</h2>
</source>
        <target></target>
        <note from="developer">type: Plain text</note>
      </trans-unit>
      <trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="5354d5956707b865">
        <source>Operating systems do not actually remove the content of a file when the file is deleted, even after emptying the trash or removing the file from the command line.</source>
        <target></target>
        <note from="developer">type: Plain text</note>
      </trans-unit>
      <trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="d1cd99ce29445c02">
        <source>Instead, operating systems only mark the space that was used by the deleted file as available for future files, because it is much faster to do. However, the content of the deleted file remains on the device until the operating system reuses the space for another file.</source>
        <target></target>
        <note from="developer">type: Plain text</note>
      </trans-unit>
      <trans-unit xml:space="preserve" approved="no" id="a1a97fcf005b79fa" weblate-flags="no-wrap">
        <source>&lt;div class="attack"&gt;
</source>
        <target state="needs-translation">&lt;div class="note"&gt;
</target>
        <note from="developer">type: Plain text</note>
      </trans-unit>
      <trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="d7bc33abce67b0fc" weblate-flags="no-wrap">
        <source><p>Simple data recovery tools can recover deleted files.</p>
</source>
        <target></target>
        <note from="developer">type: Plain text</note>
      </trans-unit>
      <trans-unit xml:space="preserve" approved="yes" id="7e2f8d998f6c3064" weblate-flags="no-wrap">
        <source>&lt;/div&gt;
</source>
        <target state="translated">&lt;/div&gt;
</target>
        <note from="developer">type: Plain text</note>
      </trans-unit>
      <trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="f9673cfa6deb4dd1" weblate-flags="no-wrap">
        <source><h2 id="copy">Other copies of the data might be stored elsewhere</h2>
</source>
        <target></target>
        <note from="developer">type: Plain text</note>
      </trans-unit>
      <trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="8d4833e3ec8eb0b6">
        <source>Other copies of the data might exist elsewhere on the device:</source>
        <target></target>
        <note from="developer">type: Plain text</note>
      </trans-unit>
      <trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="e9fb3a90a59499b3">
        <source>Some applications, for example, office applications, store temporary backup versions of the file to be able to recover from failures.</source>
        <target></target>
        <note from="developer">type: Bullet: '- '</note>
      </trans-unit>
      <trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="61c091a07b1d6dec">
        <source>Modern operating systems can store a *journal*, a history of recent changes to the file system, or *snapshots*, an image of the file system at a particular point in time.</source>
        <target></target>
        <note from="developer">type: Bullet: '- '</note>
      </trans-unit>
      <trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="7ba872799ff11142" weblate-flags="no-wrap">
        <source><p>Simple data recovery tools can recover these other copies.</p>
</source>
        <target></target>
        <note from="developer">type: Plain text</note>
      </trans-unit>
      <trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="acdb567ea4d7a401" weblate-flags="no-wrap">
        <source><h2 id="spare">Spare memory cells can store a hidden copy of the data</h2>
</source>
        <target></target>
        <note from="developer">type: Plain text</note>
      </trans-unit>
      <trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="093759afac1dbe7c">
        <source>Flash memory devices, such as USB sticks and SSDs (Solid-State Drives), have *spare memory cells* that are used to replace broken memory cells over time.  Modern hard disks also integrate small flash memories for performance and reliability.</source>
        <target></target>
        <note from="developer">type: Plain text</note>
      </trans-unit>
      <trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="5025c22e76e38ddd">
        <source>Any data that was stored in the device can remain available in these spare cells.</source>
        <target></target>
        <note from="developer">type: Plain text</note>
      </trans-unit>
      <trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="16972b673e16451f">
        <source>These spare cells are managed directly by the device and neither the user nor the operating system can control what is stored in them.</source>
        <target></target>
        <note from="developer">type: Plain text</note>
      </trans-unit>
      <trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="172f4f46ab375612" weblate-flags="no-wrap">
        <source><p>Specialized data recovery companies can recover data from spare cells.</p>
</source>
        <target></target>
        <note from="developer">type: Plain text</note>
      </trans-unit>
      <trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="4ae6054858efb743" weblate-flags="no-wrap">
        <source><h1 id="mitigation">Mitigation techniques</h1>
</source>
        <target></target>
        <note from="developer">type: Plain text</note>
      </trans-unit>
      <trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="82fd40007e8258bc">
        <source>Given the limitations described above, there is no perfect solution to file deletion.</source>
        <target></target>
        <note from="developer">type: Plain text</note>
      </trans-unit>
      <trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="b26834fab430ed5a">
        <source>To better protect from data recovery, you can use one or a combination of these mitigation techniques, depending on the sensitivity of your data and the risks.</source>
        <target></target>
        <note from="developer">type: Plain text</note>
      </trans-unit>
      <trans-unit xml:space="preserve" approved="no" id="0b515157e2ddd8a4" weblate-flags="no-wrap">
        <source><h2 id="tails">Use Tails to avoid saving files</h2>
</source>
        <target state="needs-translation">Dateien sicher löschen
</target>
        <note from="developer">type: Plain text</note>
      </trans-unit>
      <trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="d2eaae461faee1ba">
        <source>All the files that you use in Tails disappear automatically when you shut down, except the files that you choose to store in the Persistent Storage or other storage devices.</source>
        <target></target>
        <note from="developer">type: Plain text</note>
      </trans-unit>
      <trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="ba2aa36810891121">
        <source>By making it easy to avoid saving files to storage devices in the first place, using Tails is already an important mitigation technique given the limitations of file deletion.</source>
        <target></target>
        <note from="developer">type: Plain text</note>
      </trans-unit>
      <trans-unit xml:space="preserve" approved="no" id="0ea89ff7ac271afb" weblate-flags="no-wrap">
        <source><h2 id="encrypt">Encrypt your storage devices</h2>
</source>
        <target state="needs-translation">Sicheres Löschen von verfügbarem Speicherplatz
</target>
        <note from="developer">type: Plain text</note>
      </trans-unit>
      <trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="134bf8605b3ab07f">
        <source>When all the data on your device is encrypted, data recovery tools can only recover encrypted data that is useless without your passphrase.</source>
        <target></target>
        <note from="developer">type: Plain text</note>
      </trans-unit>
      <trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="bbe814e17f2f6cb6">
        <source>To better protect deleted files from data recovery, you can reformat your device and create another encryption with a different passphrase.</source>
        <target></target>
        <note from="developer">type: Plain text</note>
      </trans-unit>
      <trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="bd1dd07d4f740337">
        <source>For compatibility with Tails only or with another Linux, use [[LUKS encrypted volumes|encrypted_volumes]].</source>
        <target></target>
        <note from="developer">type: Bullet: '- '</note>
      </trans-unit>
      <trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="ba819c369ea924cf">
        <source>For compatibility with Windows or macOS, use [[VeraCrypt encrypted volumes|veracrypt]].</source>
        <target></target>
        <note from="developer">type: Bullet: '- '</note>
      </trans-unit>
      <trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="1daf145249c2f22b" weblate-flags="no-wrap">
        <source><p>Take into account that you could be forced or tricked to give out your
passphrase.</p>
</source>
        <target></target>
        <note from="developer">type: Plain text</note>
      </trans-unit>
      <trans-unit xml:space="preserve" approved="no" id="6b0319f70ef34b62" weblate-flags="no-wrap">
        <source><h2 id="overwrite">Overwrite the entire device</h2>
</source>
        <target state="needs-translation">Sicheres Löschen von verfügbarem Speicherplatz
</target>
        <note from="developer">type: Plain text</note>
      </trans-unit>
      <trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="5a3c35deb1241581">
        <source>To better protect deleted files from data recovery, you can also reformat and overwrite the entire device with zeroes.</source>
        <target></target>
        <note from="developer">type: Plain text</note>
      </trans-unit>
      <trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="370a1ebf193532a1">
        <source>Even if some data could still be recovered from [[spare memory cells|secure_deletion#spare]], overwriting the entire device is especially important if the device is not encrypted.</source>
        <target></target>
        <note from="developer">type: Plain text</note>
      </trans-unit>
      <trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="1763fb0e8e9b39d6">
        <source>To do so:</source>
        <target></target>
        <note from="developer">type: Plain text</note>
      </trans-unit>
      <trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="f6e340ee35ec9c5d">
        <source>Open the *Disks* utility.</source>
        <target></target>
        <note from="developer">type: Bullet: '1. '</note>
      </trans-unit>
      <trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="ca97c3f410da3c27" weblate-flags="no-wrap">
        <source>   All the current storage devices are listed in the left pane.
</source>
        <target></target>
        <note from="developer">type: Plain text</note>
      </trans-unit>
      <trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="a7b42825349786bf">
        <source>Plug in the device that you want to reformat and overwrite.</source>
        <target></target>
        <note from="developer">type: Bullet: '1. '</note>
      </trans-unit>
      <trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="6d7105f78014fa88">
        <source>A new device appears in the list of devices. Click on it.</source>
        <target></target>
        <note from="developer">type: Bullet: '1. '</note>
      </trans-unit>
      <trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="a40c7718a8e11c5d" weblate-flags="no-wrap">
        <source>   [[!img encrypted_volumes/storage_devices_after.png class="screenshot" alt=""]]
</source>
        <target></target>
        <note from="developer">type: Plain text</note>
      </trans-unit>
      <trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="3c7ad16f1ec6fb18">
        <source>Check that the brand and size of the device in the right pane corresponds to your device.</source>
        <target></target>
        <note from="developer">type: Bullet: '1. '</note>
      </trans-unit>
      <trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="a55c9340fc0b27b0">
        <source>Click on the [[!img lib/view-more.png alt="Drive Options" class="symbolic" link="no"]] button in the title bar and choose **Format Disk**.</source>
        <target></target>
        <note from="developer">type: Bullet: '1. '</note>
      </trans-unit>
      <trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="6dc4f1c181f00b9c">
        <source>In the **Format Disk** dialog:</source>
        <target></target>
        <note from="developer">type: Bullet: '1. '</note>
      </trans-unit>
      <trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="5aa690604bb80cbb">
        <source>Choose **Overwrite existing data with zeroes (Slow)** in the **Erase** menu.</source>
        <target></target>
        <note from="developer">type: Bullet: '   - '</note>
      </trans-unit>
      <trans-unit xml:space="preserve" approved="no" id="0149a86f2a5ec37a" weblate-flags="no-wrap">
        <source>     &lt;div class="caution"&gt;
</source>
        <target state="needs-translation">&lt;div class="caution"&gt;
</target>
        <note from="developer">type: Plain text</note>
      </trans-unit>
      <trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="708794a91fa49c33" weblate-flags="no-wrap">
        <source>     <p>Overwriting existing data does not erase all data on flash
     memories, such as USB sticks and SSDs (Solid-State Drives).</p>
</source>
        <target></target>
        <note from="developer">type: Plain text</note>
      </trans-unit>
      <trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="c2fc5cfd30b68f8d" weblate-flags="no-wrap">
        <source>     <p>See the [[limitations of file deletion|doc/encryption_and_privacy/secure_deletion#spare]].</p>
</source>
        <target></target>
        <note from="developer">type: Plain text</note>
      </trans-unit>
      <trans-unit xml:space="preserve" approved="no" id="d168ef70d4694341" weblate-flags="no-wrap">
        <source>     &lt;/div&gt;
</source>
        <target state="needs-translation">&lt;/div&gt;
</target>
        <note from="developer">type: Plain text</note>
      </trans-unit>
      <trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="fedb32111ffbb551">
        <source>Choose **Compatible with all systems and devices (MBR/DOS)** in the **Partitioning** menu.</source>
        <target></target>
        <note from="developer">type: Bullet: '   - '</note>
      </trans-unit>
      <trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="2a61e69c513e2ed3">
        <source>Click **Format**.</source>
        <target></target>
        <note from="developer">type: Bullet: '1. '</note>
      </trans-unit>
      <trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="c60089fe5f294008">
        <source>In the confirmation dialog, make sure that the device is correct.</source>
        <target></target>
        <note from="developer">type: Bullet: '1. '</note>
      </trans-unit>
      <trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="6d755cdd5ad35d97">
        <source>Click **Format** to confirm.</source>
        <target></target>
        <note from="developer">type: Bullet: '1. '</note>
      </trans-unit>
      <trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="bef458d540e20724" weblate-flags="no-wrap">
        <source><h2 id="destroy">Physically destroy the device</h2>
</source>
        <target></target>
        <note from="developer">type: Plain text</note>
      </trans-unit>
      <trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="dd7bc2c07dd95782">
        <source>As a last resort, physically destroying the device gives the strongest guarantee against data recovery.</source>
        <target></target>
        <note from="developer">type: Plain text</note>
      </trans-unit>
      <trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="ed3c3957451d39d1">
        <source>It is unreliable to break the device into a few pieces or burn it with wood fire.</source>
        <target></target>
        <note from="developer">type: Plain text</note>
      </trans-unit>
      <trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="9620b53af5b4b701">
        <source>For top secret documents, the National Security Agency ([[!wikipedia NSA]]) of the USA recommends disintegration into particles of 2 mm. This can be achieved using a [good quality household blender](https://commons.erau.edu/jdfsl/vol16/iss2/1/).</source>
        <target></target>
        <note from="developer">type: Plain text</note>
      </trans-unit>
    </body>
  </file>
</xliff>
